Calling Haskell from C, Linking with gcc?

[jrv]

I think if I knew which libraries to add to the gcc link, I could make this
work, but can't seem to find out from the documentation.

Here are more specifics:

I'd like to build a Cocoa  program on OS X with the Aqua user interface
using Xcode, but using a Haskell module with functions accessed through the
foreign export  interface.  In fact this seems to fit in well with the
Apple Model-View-Control programming pattern, with Haskell implementation
of the Model, maybe some of the Control,  and Cocoa implementation of the
View and some of the Control.

I've put together a short program (from the Wiki calling Haskell from C
example) and compiling and linking with ghc it runs as advertised.

As an experiment, I put the c main program into an Xcode project, added the
haskell module .o and stub.o, stub.h files.  Also added the HsFFI.h.  Then
did a build and run.  As expected I got a bunch of missing entry points
(26, if I recall correctly).  Adding libffi.a and libHSrts.a brings me up
to 56 missing entry points. Searching the other lib files for these seems
pretty hopeless.

Any pointers to documentation, or other help will be greatly appreciated!

Thanks,

John Velman

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[Thomas DuBuisson]

Generally you should be able to tell which library you're missing
based on the names of the undefined symbols.  Have you link in...
libgmp.a? libm.a? libc.a?  What are the missing symbols?

Thomas

On Tue, Oct 6, 2009 at 9:44 AM, John Velman <velman@...> wrote:

> I think if I knew which libraries to add to the gcc link, I could make this
> work, but can't seem to find out from the documentation.
>
> Here are more specifics:
>
> I'd like to build a Cocoa  program on OS X with the Aqua user interface
> using Xcode, but using a Haskell module with functions accessed through the
> foreign export  interface.  In fact this seems to fit in well with the
> Apple Model-View-Control programming pattern, with Haskell implementation
> of the Model, maybe some of the Control,  and Cocoa implementation of the
> View and some of the Control.
>
> I've put together a short program (from the Wiki calling Haskell from C
> example) and compiling and linking with ghc it runs as advertised.
>
> As an experiment, I put the c main program into an Xcode project, added the
> haskell module .o and stub.o, stub.h files.  Also added the HsFFI.h.  Then
> did a build and run.  As expected I got a bunch of missing entry points
> (26, if I recall correctly).  Adding libffi.a and libHSrts.a brings me up
> to 56 missing entry points. Searching the other lib files for these seems
> pretty hopeless.
>
> Any pointers to documentation, or other help will be greatly appreciated!
>
> Thanks,
>
> John Velman
>
> _______________________________________________
> Haskell-Cafe mailing list
> Haskell-Cafe@...
> http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
>

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[jrv]

On Tue, Oct 06, 2009 at 09:48:44AM -0700, Thomas DuBuisson wrote:


Thanks, Thomas.

Linking in only libffi.a, libgmp.a, I get (for example, there are many
more) missing:

  "_newCAF"  
  "_base_GHCziBase_plusInt_closure"
  "_base_GHCziList_zzipWith_info"
  "_base_GHCziList_lvl5_closure"

by also linking in libHSrts.a, I no longer am missing _newCAF, (and others
that were missing without it) but am missing a lot of _base_GHCzi...
references.  I've been unable to track these down.

By the way, I can't find either a libc.a or libm.a on this machine using
either locate or spotlight.

Is there a way to "guess" which library things are in, short of doing
an nm with some appropriate option on each .a file in the Haskell lib?

Thanks,

John V.

> Generally you should be able to tell which library you're missing
> based on the names of the undefined symbols.  Have you link in...
> libgmp.a? libm.a? libc.a?  What are the missing symbols?
>
> Thomas
>
> On Tue, Oct 6, 2009 at 9:44 AM, John Velman <velman@...> wrote:
> > I think if I knew which libraries to add to the gcc link, I could make this
> > work, but can't seem to find out from the documentation.
> >
> > Here are more specifics:
> >
> > I'd like to build a Cocoa  program on OS X with the Aqua user interface
> > using Xcode, but using a Haskell module with functions accessed through the
> > foreign export  interface.  In fact this seems to fit in well with the
> > Apple Model-View-Control programming pattern, with Haskell implementation
> > of the Model, maybe some of the Control,  and Cocoa implementation of the
> > View and some of the Control.
> >
> > I've put together a short program (from the Wiki calling Haskell from C
> > example) and compiling and linking with ghc it runs as advertised.
> >
> > As an experiment, I put the c main program into an Xcode project, added the
> > haskell module .o and stub.o, stub.h files.  Also added the HsFFI.h.  Then
> > did a build and run.  As expected I got a bunch of missing entry points
> > (26, if I recall correctly).  Adding libffi.a and libHSrts.a brings me up
> > to 56 missing entry points. Searching the other lib files for these seems
> > pretty hopeless.
> >
> > Any pointers to documentation, or other help will be greatly appreciated!
> >
> > Thanks,
> >
> > John Velman
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Haskell-Cafe mailing list
> > Haskell-Cafe@...
> > http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
> >

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[Thomas DuBuisson]

You are missind libHSbase.  Try, for example:

locate libHSbase-3.0.1.0.a

and link that in.


Thomas

On Tue, Oct 6, 2009 at 11:51 AM, John Velman <velman@...> wrote:

> On Tue, Oct 06, 2009 at 09:48:44AM -0700, Thomas DuBuisson wrote:
>
>
> Thanks, Thomas.
>
> Linking in only libffi.a, libgmp.a, I get (for example, there are many
> more) missing:
>
>  "_newCAF"
>  "_base_GHCziBase_plusInt_closure"
>  "_base_GHCziList_zzipWith_info"
>  "_base_GHCziList_lvl5_closure"
>
> by also linking in libHSrts.a, I no longer am missing _newCAF, (and others
> that were missing without it) but am missing a lot of _base_GHCzi...
> references.  I've been unable to track these down.
>
> By the way, I can't find either a libc.a or libm.a on this machine using
> either locate or spotlight.
>
> Is there a way to "guess" which library things are in, short of doing
> an nm with some appropriate option on each .a file in the Haskell lib?
>
> Thanks,
>
> John V.
>
>
>> Generally you should be able to tell which library you're missing
>> based on the names of the undefined symbols.  Have you link in...
>> libgmp.a? libm.a? libc.a?  What are the missing symbols?
>>
>> Thomas
>>
>> On Tue, Oct 6, 2009 at 9:44 AM, John Velman <velman@...> wrote:
>> > I think if I knew which libraries to add to the gcc link, I could make this
>> > work, but can't seem to find out from the documentation.
>> >
>> > Here are more specifics:
>> >
>> > I'd like to build a Cocoa  program on OS X with the Aqua user interface
>> > using Xcode, but using a Haskell module with functions accessed through the
>> > foreign export  interface.  In fact this seems to fit in well with the
>> > Apple Model-View-Control programming pattern, with Haskell implementation
>> > of the Model, maybe some of the Control,  and Cocoa implementation of the
>> > View and some of the Control.
>> >
>> > I've put together a short program (from the Wiki calling Haskell from C
>> > example) and compiling and linking with ghc it runs as advertised.
>> >
>> > As an experiment, I put the c main program into an Xcode project, added the
>> > haskell module .o and stub.o, stub.h files.  Also added the HsFFI.h.  Then
>> > did a build and run.  As expected I got a bunch of missing entry points
>> > (26, if I recall correctly).  Adding libffi.a and libHSrts.a brings me up
>> > to 56 missing entry points. Searching the other lib files for these seems
>> > pretty hopeless.
>> >
>> > Any pointers to documentation, or other help will be greatly appreciated!
>> >
>> > Thanks,
>> >
>> > John Velman
>> >
>> > _______________________________________________
>> > Haskell-Cafe mailing list
>> > Haskell-Cafe@...
>> > http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
>> >
> _______________________________________________
> Haskell-Cafe mailing list
> Haskell-Cafe@...
> http://www.haskell.org/mailman/listinfo/haskell-cafe
>

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[Gregory Collins-3]

John Velman <velman@...> writes:

> On Tue, Oct 06, 2009 at 09:48:44AM -0700, Thomas DuBuisson wrote:
>
>
> Thanks, Thomas.
>
> Linking in only libffi.a, libgmp.a, I get (for example, there are many
> more) missing:
>
>   "_newCAF"  
>   "_base_GHCziBase_plusInt_closure"
>   "_base_GHCziList_zzipWith_info"
>   "_base_GHCziList_lvl5_closure"
>
> by also linking in libHSrts.a, I no longer am missing _newCAF, (and others
> that were missing without it) but am missing a lot of _base_GHCzi...
> references.  I've been unable to track these down.
>
> By the way, I can't find either a libc.a or libm.a on this machine using
> either locate or spotlight.
>
> Is there a way to "guess" which library things are in, short of doing
> an nm with some appropriate option on each .a file in the Haskell lib?

    $ cd /Library/Frameworks/GHC.framework/Versions/Current/usr/lib/
   
    $ for i in `find . -name '*.a'`; do nm -a $i 2>/dev/null | grep --label="$i" -H 'D *_base_GHCziBase_plusInt_closure'; done
    ./ghc-6.10.4/base-4.1.0.0/libHSbase-4.1.0.0.a:0000008c D _base_GHCziBase_plusInt_closure
    ./ghc-6.10.4/base-4.1.0.0/libHSbase-4.1.0.0_p.a:0000010c D _base_GHCziBase_plusInt_closure

G.
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[jrv]

Thanks, Gregory.  I did something like that.  In particular, I did

find . -name "lib*.a" | xargs nm > ~/develop/haskellLibInfo/libInfo

Then I used the output from the build results file to look for stuff in the
libInfo file (using mac_vim).  In this way I cut the number of undefined
references down to 17 (from 56).  The remaining references all seem (from
the nm results) to be in libgmp.a, which I included in the project early
in this experiment.  The remaining ones are, for example:

  "___gmpz_init",
  "___gmpz_divexact",
  "___gmpz_tdiv_qr"

  ...

  All are of the __gmpz variety.

So far all that I've looked in my libInfo have entries something like:


     00000000 T ___gmpz_tdiv_qr

I'm way out of my depth here.  Here is a list of files I included in the
project from

 /Library/Frameworks/GHC.framework/Versions/610/usr/lib/ghc-6.10.4/...
 so far:

  HSghc-prim-0.1.0.0.o,     HSinteger-0.1.0.1.o,   libffi.a,   libgmp.a,
  libHSbase-3.0.3.1.a,   libHSbase-3.0.3.1_p.a,   libHSbase-4.1.0.0.a,
  libHSghc-prim-0.1.0.0_p.a,   libHSrts.a

I'm using Haskell installed from

haskell-platform-2009.2.0.2-i386.dmg (for OS X).


Well, any further pointers will be highly appreciated.

I'll have to sign off from this today, but hopefully will have more
insights (from self and others) tomorrow.

Best,

John Velman


On Tue, Oct 06, 2009 at 03:07:01PM -0400, Gregory Collins wrote:

> John Velman <velman@...> writes:
>
> > On Tue, Oct 06, 2009 at 09:48:44AM -0700, Thomas DuBuisson wrote:
> >
> >
> > Thanks, Thomas.
> >
> > Linking in only libffi.a, libgmp.a, I get (for example, there are many
> > more) missing:
> >
> >   "_newCAF"  
> >   "_base_GHCziBase_plusInt_closure"
> >   "_base_GHCziList_zzipWith_info"
> >   "_base_GHCziList_lvl5_closure"
> >
> > by also linking in libHSrts.a, I no longer am missing _newCAF, (and others
> > that were missing without it) but am missing a lot of _base_GHCzi...
> > references.  I've been unable to track these down.
> >
> > By the way, I can't find either a libc.a or libm.a on this machine using
> > either locate or spotlight.
> >
> > Is there a way to "guess" which library things are in, short of doing
> > an nm with some appropriate option on each .a file in the Haskell lib?
>
>     $ cd /Library/Frameworks/GHC.framework/Versions/Current/usr/lib/
>    
>     $ for i in `find . -name '*.a'`; do nm -a $i 2>/dev/null | grep --label="$i" -H 'D *_base_GHCziBase_plusInt_closure'; done
>     ./ghc-6.10.4/base-4.1.0.0/libHSbase-4.1.0.0.a:0000008c D _base_GHCziBase_plusInt_closure
>     ./ghc-6.10.4/base-4.1.0.0/libHSbase-4.1.0.0_p.a:0000010c D _base_GHCziBase_plusInt_closure
>
> G.
> --
> Gregory Collins <greg@...>

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[Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH]

On Oct 6, 2009, at 19:20 , John Velman wrote:
>  HSghc-prim-0.1.0.0.o,     HSinteger-0.1.0.1.o,   libffi.a,    
> libgmp.a,
>  libHSbase-3.0.3.1.a,   libHSbase-3.0.3.1_p.a,   libHSbase-4.1.0.0.a,
>  libHSghc-prim-0.1.0.0_p.a,   libHSrts.a

Note that library order matters; libgmp.a should probably be last on  
the command line.

--
brandon s. allbery [solaris,freebsd,perl,pugs,haskell] allbery@...
system administrator [openafs,heimdal,too many hats] allbery@...
electrical and computer engineering, carnegie mellon university    KF8NH




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[jrv]

This is probably an Xcode problem now, rather than a strictly Haskell
problem.  

There are a bunch of libgmp.a and libgmp.dylib files in existence on this
computer, some in /usr/local/lib, or linked from there.

I've got my errors down to references in libgmp, whether or not I try to
include libgmp.a in the project.

Whenever I try to add libgmp.a, or libgmp.dylib to my project, I get the
error message:

----------
ld warning:
 in /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk/usr/local/lib/libgmp.dylib,
 file is not of required architecture
---------

followed by a list of undefined symbols, all of which (well, all I've
checked!) are defined in the Haskell Platform version of libgmp.a

I'm sure there must be a way around this in the Xcode IDE, but haven't
found it.  I'll take the question to the Xcode mailing list.

Thanks to all for help on this.  I'll let you know how it works out!

Best,

John Velman



On Tue, Oct 06, 2009 at 07:56:07PM -0400, Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH wrote:

> On Oct 6, 2009, at 19:20 , John Velman wrote:
>>  HSghc-prim-0.1.0.0.o,     HSinteger-0.1.0.1.o,   libffi.a,   libgmp.a,
>>  libHSbase-3.0.3.1.a,   libHSbase-3.0.3.1_p.a,   libHSbase-4.1.0.0.a,
>>  libHSghc-prim-0.1.0.0_p.a,   libHSrts.a
>
> Note that library order matters; libgmp.a should probably be last on the
> command line.
>
> --
> brandon s. allbery [solaris,freebsd,perl,pugs,haskell] allbery@...
> system administrator [openafs,heimdal,too many hats] allbery@...
> electrical and computer engineering, carnegie mellon university    KF8NH
>

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[jrv]

For anyone following this:  The XCode ld script is complex, and has mac
specific defaults early in the search path specification, and I probably
don't want to change these.  A library in a default path is the wrong
libgmp.[dylib | a].  

My solution:
do a

ln -s libgmp.a lib-h-gmp.a

in the /Library/Frameworks/GHC.Framework/..../usr/lib folder.

Then add lib-h-gmp.a to my Xcode project.

Compiled, linked, and ran and got the right output.

Thanks to everyone who helped.

John V.

On Wed, Oct 07, 2009 at 10:38:53AM -0700, John Velman wrote:

> This is probably an Xcode problem now, rather than a strictly Haskell
> problem.  
>
> There are a bunch of libgmp.a and libgmp.dylib files in existence on this
> computer, some in /usr/local/lib, or linked from there.
>
> I've got my errors down to references in libgmp, whether or not I try to
> include libgmp.a in the project.
>
> Whenever I try to add libgmp.a, or libgmp.dylib to my project, I get the
> error message:
>
> ----------
> ld warning:
>  in /Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.5.sdk/usr/local/lib/libgmp.dylib,
>  file is not of required architecture
> ---------
>
> followed by a list of undefined symbols, all of which (well, all I've
> checked!) are defined in the Haskell Platform version of libgmp.a
>
> I'm sure there must be a way around this in the Xcode IDE, but haven't
> found it.  I'll take the question to the Xcode mailing list.
>
> Thanks to all for help on this.  I'll let you know how it works out!
>
> Best,
>
> John Velman
>
>
>
> On Tue, Oct 06, 2009 at 07:56:07PM -0400, Brandon S. Allbery KF8NH wrote:
> > On Oct 6, 2009, at 19:20 , John Velman wrote:
> >>  HSghc-prim-0.1.0.0.o,     HSinteger-0.1.0.1.o,   libffi.a,   libgmp.a,
> >>  libHSbase-3.0.3.1.a,   libHSbase-3.0.3.1_p.a,   libHSbase-4.1.0.0.a,
> >>  libHSghc-prim-0.1.0.0_p.a,   libHSrts.a
> >
> > Note that library order matters; libgmp.a should probably be last on the
> > command line.
> >
> > --
> > brandon s. allbery [solaris,freebsd,perl,pugs,haskell] allbery@...
> > system administrator [openafs,heimdal,too many hats] allbery@...
> > electrical and computer engineering, carnegie mellon university    KF8NH
> >
> [previous messages snipped to save virtual paper]
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[Wouter Swierstra]

On 7 Oct 2009, at 23:39, John Velman wrote:

> For anyone following this:  The XCode ld script is complex, and has  
> mac
> specific defaults early in the search path specification, and I  
> probably
> don't want to change these.  A library in a default path is the wrong
> libgmp.[dylib | a].

Is there any chance you'll write up exactly what you needed to do on a  
blog/TMR article/Haskell wiki page? I've tried doing something  
similar, ran into linking problems, and gave up my fight with XCode. I  
think this would be a really useful resource for both Obj-C  
programmers looking into Haskell and Haskell programmers who want to  
have a fancy Cocoa GUI. Thanks!

   Wouter

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[jrv]

On Thu, Oct 08, 2009 at 10:34:07AM +0200, Wouter Swierstra wrote:

>
> On 7 Oct 2009, at 23:39, John Velman wrote:
>
>> For anyone following this:  The XCode ld script is complex, and has mac
>> specific defaults early in the search path specification, and I probably
>> don't want to change these.  A library in a default path is the wrong
>> libgmp.[dylib | a].
>
> Is there any chance you'll write up exactly what you needed to do on a
> blog/TMR article/Haskell wiki page? I've tried doing something similar, ran
> into linking problems, and gave up my fight with XCode. I think this would
> be a really useful resource for both Obj-C programmers looking into Haskell
> and Haskell programmers who want to have a fancy Cocoa GUI. Thanks!
>
>   Wouter

Yes, it is my intention to do just that.  Unfortunately, I don't always
follow through!  But with a specific request, I'll try to get it done in
the next few days.

I'll post the url here.

Best,

John Velman

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[jrv]

It's taken 21 days with interruptions, but I finally posted a tutorial with
details of what I did on the Haskel Wiki.  Category:Tutorials,
title: Using Haskell in an Xcode Cocoa project

Hope it's clear.  Please send comments and suggestions.

John V.


On Thu, Oct 08, 2009 at 10:34:07AM +0200, Wouter Swierstra wrote:

>
> On 7 Oct 2009, at 23:39, John Velman wrote:
>
>> For anyone following this:  The XCode ld script is complex, and has mac
>> specific defaults early in the search path specification, and I probably
>> don't want to change these.  A library in a default path is the wrong
>> libgmp.[dylib | a].
>
> Is there any chance you'll write up exactly what you needed to do on a
> blog/TMR article/Haskell wiki page? I've tried doing something similar, ran
> into linking problems, and gave up my fight with XCode. I think this would
> be a really useful resource for both Obj-C programmers looking into Haskell
> and Haskell programmers who want to have a fancy Cocoa GUI. Thanks!
>
>   Wouter

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[Chris Eidhof]

I can confirm that, if you follow the steps on the wiki, you'll end up  
with a working Mac application. Excellent work John, thanks very much!

-chris

On 30 okt 2009, at 00:53, John Velman wrote:

> It's taken 21 days with interruptions, but I finally posted a  
> tutorial with
> details of what I did on the Haskel Wiki.  Category:Tutorials,
> title: Using Haskell in an Xcode Cocoa project
>
> Hope it's clear.  Please send comments and suggestions.
>
> John V.
>
>
> On Thu, Oct 08, 2009 at 10:34:07AM +0200, Wouter Swierstra wrote:
>>
>> On 7 Oct 2009, at 23:39, John Velman wrote:
>>
>>> For anyone following this:  The XCode ld script is complex, and  
>>> has mac
>>> specific defaults early in the search path specification, and I  
>>> probably
>>> don't want to change these.  A library in a default path is the  
>>> wrong
>>> libgmp.[dylib | a].
>>
>> Is there any chance you'll write up exactly what you needed to do  
>> on a
>> blog/TMR article/Haskell wiki page? I've tried doing something  
>> similar, ran
>> into linking problems, and gave up my fight with XCode. I think  
>> this would
>> be a really useful resource for both Obj-C programmers looking into  
>> Haskell
>> and Haskell programmers who want to have a fancy Cocoa GUI. Thanks!
>>
>>  Wouter
> _______________________________________________
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