inittab

[Jay Daniels-2]

I fixed one box to boot to console, disabled GDM and created an /etc/inittab

for the life of me I can't remember the command or runlevel for inittab
in ubuntu.

jay@my-t60:~$ cat /etc/inittab
cat: /etc/inittab: No such file or directory

Furthermore, how do I start networking with wifi from console on bootup
using 8.04 desktop version?


jay

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[Sundar Nagarajan]

Jay Daniels wrote:

> I fixed one box to boot to console, disabled GDM and created an /etc/inittab
>
> for the life of me I can't remember the command or runlevel for inittab
> in ubuntu.
>
> jay@my-t60:~$ cat /etc/inittab
> cat: /etc/inittab: No such file or directory
>
> Furthermore, how do I start networking with wifi from console on bootup
> using 8.04 desktop version?
>
>
> jay
>

Ubuntu (Debian) does not use the runlevels (other than 1). And
(apparently, this is new to me too), Debian does not use /etc/inittab.

To disable starting of gdm (if you are on Jaunty), add the word 'text'
to the kernel command line in /boot/grub/menu.lst

If you want networking to start BEFORE the graphical desktop comes up,
install wicd. It will uninstall (and replace) network-manager. IMHO,
this is a defect in network-manager's design philosophy, and I cannot
understand why it is made the default in Ubuntu. Guess it is a case of
the dumbing-down of Ubuntu. wicd separates the network management (done
using a daemon) and the UI (which provides the tray). To configure
wireless settings for wicd, see 'man wicd-wireless-settings.conf'. I
cannot offer additional help, since I do not use a wireless card on my
desktop.


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[Brummelen, M. van (ICT)]

Hi,

As far as I know Debian does use inittab and Ubuntu doesn't .

Regards,
Martijn van Brummelen


-----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
Van: ubuntu-users-bounces@... namens Sundar Nagarajan
Verzonden: vr 3-7-2009 10:22
Aan: ubuntu-users@...
Onderwerp: Re: inittab
 
Jay Daniels wrote:

> I fixed one box to boot to console, disabled GDM and created an /etc/inittab
>
> for the life of me I can't remember the command or runlevel for inittab
> in ubuntu.
>
> jay@my-t60:~$ cat /etc/inittab
> cat: /etc/inittab: No such file or directory
>
> Furthermore, how do I start networking with wifi from console on bootup
> using 8.04 desktop version?
>
>
> jay
>

Ubuntu (Debian) does not use the runlevels (other than 1). And
(apparently, this is new to me too), Debian does not use /etc/inittab.

To disable starting of gdm (if you are on Jaunty), add the word 'text'
to the kernel command line in /boot/grub/menu.lst

If you want networking to start BEFORE the graphical desktop comes up,
install wicd. It will uninstall (and replace) network-manager. IMHO,
this is a defect in network-manager's design philosophy, and I cannot
understand why it is made the default in Ubuntu. Guess it is a case of
the dumbing-down of Ubuntu. wicd separates the network management (done
using a daemon) and the UI (which provides the tray). To configure
wireless settings for wicd, see 'man wicd-wireless-settings.conf'. I
cannot offer additional help, since I do not use a wireless card on my
desktop.


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[Florian Diesch]

Sundar Nagarajan <sundar.personal@...> wrote:


> Ubuntu (Debian) does not use the runlevels (other than 1). And
> (apparently, this is new to me too), Debian does not use /etc/inittab.

Ubuntu uses upstart instead of sysvinit; upstart uses /etc/event.d/
instead of inittab



   Florian
--
<http://www.florian-diesch.de/>

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[Kevin O'Gorman]

On Fri, Jul 3, 2009 at 6:45 AM, Florian Diesch<diesch@...> wrote:
> Sundar Nagarajan <sundar.personal@...> wrote:
>
>
>> Ubuntu (Debian) does not use the runlevels (other than 1). And
>> (apparently, this is new to me too), Debian does not use /etc/inittab.
>
> Ubuntu uses upstart instead of sysvinit; upstart uses /etc/event.d/
> instead of inittab

Indeed.  Some of the upstart details are revealed in
  man 8 init
  man 8 initctl

HTH.

++ kevin

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[Jay Daniels-2]

Florian Diesch wrote:

> Sundar Nagarajan <sundar.personal@...> wrote:
>
>
>> Ubuntu (Debian) does not use the runlevels (other than 1). And
>> (apparently, this is new to me too), Debian does not use /etc/inittab.
>
> Ubuntu uses upstart instead of sysvinit; upstart uses /etc/event.d/
> instead of inittab
>
>
>
>    Florian

Yes, Ubuntu Desktop (hardy at least) will use /etc/inittab if it exist.

##/etc/event.d/rc-default contains close to top of file...

        elif [ -r /etc/inittab ]; then
            RL="$(sed -n -e "/^id:[0-9]*:initdefault:/{s/^id://;s/:.*//;p}" /etc
/inittab || true)"
            if [ -n "$RL" ]; then
                telinit $RL
            else
                telinit 2

But what is proper runlevel for multiuser console mode on ubuntu???


jay


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[Jay Daniels-2]

Sundar Nagarajan wrote:

> Jay Daniels wrote:
>> I fixed one box to boot to console, disabled GDM and created an /etc/inittab
>>
>> for the life of me I can't remember the command or runlevel for inittab
>> in ubuntu.
>>
>> jay@my-t60:~$ cat /etc/inittab
>> cat: /etc/inittab: No such file or directory
>>
>> Furthermore, how do I start networking with wifi from console on bootup
>> using 8.04 desktop version?
>>
>>
>> jay
>>
>
> Ubuntu (Debian) does not use the runlevels (other than 1). And
> (apparently, this is new to me too), Debian does not use /etc/inittab.
>
> To disable starting of gdm (if you are on Jaunty), add the word 'text'
> to the kernel command line in /boot/grub/menu.lst
>
> If you want networking to start BEFORE the graphical desktop comes up,
> install wicd. It will uninstall (and replace) network-manager. IMHO,
> this is a defect in network-manager's design philosophy, and I cannot
> understand why it is made the default in Ubuntu. Guess it is a case of
> the dumbing-down of Ubuntu. wicd separates the network management (done
> using a daemon) and the UI (which provides the tray). To configure
> wireless settings for wicd, see 'man wicd-wireless-settings.conf'. I
> cannot offer additional help, since I do not use a wireless card on my
> desktop.
>
>

As I stated before, wicd from repository has bugs on my t60.  How do I
get the latest version in .deb?

I too find this odd that the default network tool is nothing but a gnome
applet.  Why is this?  and why no good ppp dialer for gnome desktop.
gnome-ppp development seems to be dead in the water!

Why the heck would an OS base their network interface on a panel applet
and not have a default network tool which would work with all networks?
  This is seems stupid.  The most used tool relys on a Gnome applet
which Gnome may not even be installed, come on now.



jay

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[Jay Daniels-2]

Florian Diesch wrote:

> Sundar Nagarajan <sundar.personal@...> wrote:
>
>
>> Ubuntu (Debian) does not use the runlevels (other than 1). And
>> (apparently, this is new to me too), Debian does not use /etc/inittab.
>
> Ubuntu uses upstart instead of sysvinit; upstart uses /etc/event.d/
> instead of inittab
>
>
>
>    Florian

Yes, but I'm sure if you create a /etc/inittab ubuntu will use it.  It
worked on earlier versions of buntu.


jay


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[Fred Roller]

On Fri, 2009-07-03 at 11:31 -0400, Jay Daniels wrote:
> But what is proper runlevel for multiuser console mode on ubuntu???
>

# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:
#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#   1 - Single user mode
#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have
networking)
#   3 - Full multiuser mode
#   4 - unused
#   5 - X11
#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)



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www.fwrgallery.com

"Life is like Linux, simple.  If you are fighting it, you are doing
something wrong."




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[Jay Daniels-2]

Fred Roller wrote:

> On Fri, 2009-07-03 at 11:31 -0400, Jay Daniels wrote:
>> But what is proper runlevel for multiuser console mode on ubuntu???
>>
>
> # Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:
> #   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
> #   1 - Single user mode
> #   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have
> networking)
> #   3 - Full multiuser mode
> #   4 - unused
> #   5 - X11
> #   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
>
>
>

I have networking and it says...

jay@my-t60:~$ runlevel
N 2


jay

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[Oliver Grawert]

hi,
On Fr, 2009-07-03 at 12:01 -0400, Fred Roller wrote:
> On Fri, 2009-07-03 at 11:31 -0400, Jay Daniels wrote:
> > But what is proper runlevel for multiuser console mode on ubuntu???
> >
>
> # Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:
in debian based systems (as ubuntu is one) runlevels 2-5 are identical
to give the administrator the opportunity to modify them to his
liking ... by default the first "non single user" runlevel is booted
(which is number 2)

ciao
        oli


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[Oliver Grawert]

hi,
On Fr, 2009-07-03 at 11:37 -0400, Jay Daniels wrote:
> I too find this odd that the default network tool is nothing but a gnome
> applet.  Why is this?  
because the default ubuntu desktop CD installs and runs a gnome desktop,
its just a default selection that matches the borad masses best, you are
indeed free to change it to what you like ...

if you want a non-desktop system there are ubuntu server CDs which
use /etc/network/interfaces for network configuration by default.

ciao
        oli


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[Sundar Nagarajan]

Florian Diesch wrote:

> Sundar Nagarajan <sundar.personal@...> wrote:
>
>
>> Ubuntu (Debian) does not use the runlevels (other than 1). And
>> (apparently, this is new to me too), Debian does not use /etc/inittab.
>
> Ubuntu uses upstart instead of sysvinit; upstart uses /etc/event.d/
> instead of inittab
>
>
>
>    Florian

I stand corrected. I knew upstart was in the works, but they have done a
great job of rolling it out relatively transparently. Time to dig in and
understand how it works :-)



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[Sundar Nagarajan]

Fred Roller wrote:

> On Fri, 2009-07-03 at 11:31 -0400, Jay Daniels wrote:
>> But what is proper runlevel for multiuser console mode on ubuntu???
>>
>
> # Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:
> #   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
> #   1 - Single user mode
> #   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have
> networking)
> #   3 - Full multiuser mode
> #   4 - unused
> #   5 - X11
> #   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
>
>
>

Debian does not really differentiate between run-levels 2-4 or 2-5 if I
remember right.



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[Sundar Nagarajan]

Oliver Grawert wrote:

> hi,
> On Fr, 2009-07-03 at 11:37 -0400, Jay Daniels wrote:
>> I too find this odd that the default network tool is nothing but a gnome
>> applet.  Why is this?  
> because the default ubuntu desktop CD installs and runs a gnome desktop,
> its just a default selection that matches the borad masses best, you are
> indeed free to change it to what you like ...
>
> if you want a non-desktop system there are ubuntu server CDs which
> use /etc/network/interfaces for network configuration by default.
>
> ciao
> oli
>

I can possibly understand / appreciate why ubuntu chose network-manager
over wicd - perhaps because it is more stable, better configuration
options, supports more wireless card options etc.

My point is that the DESIGN of network-manager appears defective, or at
least puzzling. It is a network-manager, not a 'network-manager only if
X is running'. On a default ubuntu desktop, using network-manager, if
the user (even one of the 'masses') later installs a package that
includes a daemon that accesses the network on startup, that daemon will
not find the network up when it starts up during the init sequence,
because network-manager has not run yet. And this is something that
cannot be FIXED, because daemons will ALWAYS run in run-levels lower
than 5, and network-manager will ALWAYS run after X is started
(run-level 5). Upstart can't fix this either, because upstart is active
UNTIL the init sequence is complete (not after X is started). So the
hypothetical network daemon cannot wait for network-manager to emit a
signal saying it is complete. The only workaround will be for all
hypothetical network daemons to 'know' that part of the networking setup
may not be complete even though 'networking' (according to init /
upstart) is complete.

The 'right' design would be similar to what wicd uses - a daemon that
manages the actual network card, and a graphical front-end that provides
a friendly UI to view / change configuration.

And then there's the fact that this choice by ubuntu conflicts with the
overall philosophy that there is essentially no difference between the
desktop and server versions other than additional packages installed to
realize the graphical desktop (apart from some minor tweaks of the
kernel for the server sometimes).



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[Oliver Grawert]

hi,
On Fr, 2009-07-03 at 14:55 -0700, Sundar Nagarajan wrote:

> the user (even one of the 'masses') later installs a package that
> includes a daemon that accesses the network on startup, that daemon will
> not find the network up when it starts up during the init sequence,
> because network-manager has not run yet. And this is something that
> cannot be FIXED,
the same would be true if you had defined a wired network but no network
cable would be plugged in making a daemon depending on assumptions (this
init script was run before i attempt to start is generally a bad
idea) ...

... and this is exactly where upstart comes into play ;)

upstart is an event driven init system, it starts services depending on
other services so your daemon will wait until all prerequisites are
fulfilled (no matter if these are in hardware or software) before even
attempting to start. an example event.d file for that above daemon would
look roughly like:

start on started default-route

stop on stopping default-route

so your daemon that is not working without network being up would only
start if definately a default route is there (which means yur wlan is
up, authentication succeeded and your dhcp server handed out an ip ...
or your wire is plugged in and your static route points to a reachable
default gateway). [1] has a good article from 2006 (back when sysvinit
was replaced by upstart in ubuntu) even though a lot changed in upstart
design since then, most of it is still true (just looks different
nowadays).

note that upstart up to jaunty (9.04) was still running in sysvinit
compatibility mode, this is about to change in 9.10 hand in hand with
debian who plan to move to upstart as default bootsystem well [2]

ciao
        oli

[1] http://www.linux.com/archive/articles/57213
[2] https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/ubuntu-devel/2009-June/028453.html



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[Rashkae-2]

Jay Daniels wrote:

> Fred Roller wrote:
>> On Fri, 2009-07-03 at 11:31 -0400, Jay Daniels wrote:
>>> But what is proper runlevel for multiuser console mode on ubuntu???
>>>
>> # Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:
>> #   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
>> #   1 - Single user mode
>> #   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have
>> networking)
>> #   3 - Full multiuser mode
>> #   4 - unused
>> #   5 - X11
>> #   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
>>
>>
>>
>

Debian does not use RH run levels.. Debian only recognizes 0, 1, 2 and
6.  (3, 4, and 5 can be created and used by the user/adminstrator if so
desired, but have no special meaning by default.)

If you want to disable gdm, as another posted pointed out, append text
to your grub menu.lst boot line, *or* remove gdm from your rc2.d list.
(see the README file in /etc/rc2.d directory)

I suggest not mucking with initttab.  The entire concept of runlevels is
 slated to get the axe in Ubuntu, eventually.

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